Monday, 5 November 2007

Remember, remember the 5th of November.

Remember, remember the Fifth of November,
The Gunpowder Treason and Plot,
I know of no reason
Why the Gunpowder Treason
Should ever be forgot.
Guy Fawkes, Guy Fawkes, 'twas his intent
To blow up King and Parliament.
Three-score barrels of powder below
To prove old England's overthrow;
By God's providence he was catch'd
With a dark lantern and burning match.
Holloa boys, holloa boys, let the bells ring.
Holloa boys, holloa boys, God save the King!
Hip hip hoorah!

四百零二年前的今天,英皇James I幾乎與Houses of Parliament一同粉身碎骨。

四百零二年前的今天,一群不滿King James I(同樣是James VI of Scotland)統治的天主教極端分子企圖炸毀House of Lords及謀殺國王與一眾新教貴族,史稱「火藥陰謀」(Gunpowder Plot)。

1605年,反叛緣起於King James I反對給予天主教徒與新教徒同等的權利,陰謀主腦為Robert Catesby,由後世有名的爆破專家Guy Fawkes切實執行。他們以冬季燃料為隱蔽,成功於House of Lords的地下室放滿36桶(大約2.5噸)火藥,準備於11月5日的State Opening of Parliament引爆炸毀國會大廈,殺死英國國王。由於恐怕誤殺信奉天主教的貴族,反叛者中的「某人」去信Lord Monteagle通報;然而爵士竟把密函交與國務卿(Secretary of State)Robert Cecil,陰謀洩露。未知此事的反叛者決定依計行事。11月5日凌晨,Guy Fawkes被擒;經過於Westminster Hall的審訊與連串嚴刑敲打後,Fawkes終於供出同黨的姓名與處所,並承認密謀策動「火藥陰謀」。Robert Catesby及餘黨一一被捕殺,Guy Fawkes於1606年1月31日被問吊而死。

據現代物理學家研究,假若Guy Fawkes成功引爆火藥,Westminster地區有一大部份會被摧毀,劇烈爆炸振碎的玻璃窗將分散在方圓一公里的範圍內。

為記念「火藥陰謀」被揭發,英國國民會於每年11月5日大事慶祝,稱為Guy Fawkes Night或Fireworks Night或Bonfire Night。他們會於當天焚燒Guy Fawkes的假人像,小孩會以"Penny for the Guy"這句話來四處向人乞討零錢。

固然節日要慶祝的時King James I安然渡過1605年11月5日,但我認為Guy Fawkes也絕對值得被記念。親手以火把引爆2.5噸火藥,Guy Fawkes毫無疑問地會成為首當其衝的犧牲者;甘願為自己的信念奉上自己的性命,問現在世上有誰能夠做到這點?他的捨身精神確實值得我們鞠躬致敬。

我favourite films之一的V for Vendetta就是以Gunpowder Plot為基本創作出發點,講述一個自稱V的無政府主義者對抗獨裁英國政府的故事。沒有看過的朋友就馬上找來看看罷!

最後,希望各位能於每年的11月5日記起這個「火藥陰謀」,默默紀念Guy Fawkes和他那種為心中信念而把生死置諸道外的高尚情操!
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More than four hundred years ago, a great citizen wished to embed the fifth of November forever in our memory. His hope was to remind the world that fairness, justice, and freedom are more than words, they are perspectives. (By V in "V for Vendetta")

The building is a symbol, as is the act of destroying it. Symbols are given power by people. Alone, a symbol is meaningless, but with enough people, blowing up a building can change the world. (By V in "V for Vendetta")

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